The percentage of repair itself is quite complicated, there are many nuances that are worth paying attention to – this is knowledge of technology, control of contractors, the selection and purchase of building materials, etc. D. Therefore, it is easier, albeit more expensive, to invite specialists to carry out repair work, which will qualifyly tell you how to organize this process with minimal losses of funds and nerve cells. This section is devoted to the right choice of construction contractors, and then we will consider the entire process of repairing the apartment in more detail, dwelling at the most important points in each of the stages of your future construction.
Creating a design project of the apartment
For a clear understanding of how you want to see your future apartment, it is recommended to order an apartment design project that will allow you to get a complete visualization of all rooms. The cost of such a project is 1000-1500 rubles/sq. m., Its price depends on the complexity of the project and the area of the room. For this cost you will receive the following amount of documentation (approximately, t. To. Each contractor has its own amount of services, in advance with the customer):
3D – visualization of premises from different angles;
The measurement plan of the existing premises;
Plan of dismantling;
Plan of installation work on the installation of new partitions indicating the design features of the enclosing structures;
The general plan of the apartment after the redevelopment is performed;
Plan for laying engineering networks (air conditioning, sockets and switches, connecting water and sewage points);
Floor decoration plan with specifications of materials;
The ceiling plan indicating the binding of chandeliers and lamps, as well as structural elements of the ceiling;
Wall scanning with specifications of decoration options.
At the request of the designer, you can order, in addition to the design project, the author’s support for the construction process. In this case, he will oversee your construction, will engage in the search and purchase of finishing materials, will indicate the builders of the shortcomings of their work and track the correctness of the implementation of their ideas. Such a service costs around 20,000 rubles/month, and its cost depends on the complexity of the object and its area.
Redevelopment of the premises, work to dismantle building structures
In order to form a comfortable room, make its layout “under a particular customer”, it is necessary to carry out work to dismantle some partitions and wall sections. This process is called the redevelopment of the apartment. He must be agreed in
specialized municipal organizations that consider your project for the sale of an apartment and issue a permit for its implementation.
When redevelopment, it is necessary to take into account some nuances that significantly affect the positive conclusion of the examination. These points include:
The ban on the device of the bathrooms above residential premises and kitchens, t. To. They are united by common ventilation boxes and an unpleasant odor can become a constant headache of neighbors from above.
A ban on the removal of heating radiators on a glazed balcony when combining a balcony and a room into a common space.
A ban on the device of a warm floor system from a central heating source.
The ban on the dismantling of the partitions between the kitchen and the room if the gasification system is opened in the house and t. D.
This is just a certain list of prohibitions that you need to pay attention to when redevelopment. In any case, it is necessary to take advice in advance in the approval authorities, so as not to receive the rejection of redevelopment in court (when the house has already been commissioned) or after the repair work (when you first completed the redevelopment, and then decided to agree on).
The process of dismantling of building structures begins with analysis – supporting and non -carrying elements, reinforcement options, methods of dismantling are determined. To do this, the project of the building is taken from the corresponding institute, which developed the construction part, the loads on the dismantled area are calculated to make an appropriate amplification, and only after it you can proceed to the dismantling of the load -bearing sections of walls or floor slabs. The analysis of the dismantled area should be carried out in an unstressed way, for example, the walls of brick or blocks are disassembled by the location, the concrete of the ceilings is cut through through the grinder and removed along with the reinforcement.
The choice of building and finishing materials for repair, their purchase
During the repair of the apartment, it is necessary to be guided by simple rules when choosing materials – building materials (plaster, cabinet, bulk floor, grout, etc.) must be selected by a construction team, t. To. They work with these materials, and only they understand how convenient it is for them to work with them; finishing materials (decorative plaster, wallpaper, flooring, tiles, etc.) selects a designer or the customer himself, t. To. This is more an aesthetic side of the issue and should be an alternative to any option of finishing.
The purchase of building and finishing materials can be made as the forces of the customer himself, in which case he himself is responsible for the quality of the purchased goods, its right quantity and delivery, or it can be organized with the participation of contractors, then part of the organizational work will fall on them (for example, delivery , climb). The second option may be preferable that the contractors may have discounts on materials accumulated over all years of work, which will give you significant savings in repair.
Carrying out repair work at the facility
After the completion of all preparatory stages, the most interesting begins – the process of repairing the apartment itself directly. It consists of several main stages that go one after another in a clear sequence:
Masonry work;
The device of the basic floor screed;
Laying of engineering communications (water supply, sewage, eelktric, air conditioning);
Installation of drywall structures;
Leveling and plaster of the walls;
Wall putty;
Laying of floor and wall tiles;
Finish leveling of the floor;
Finishing the ceiling;
Finishing walls;
Finishing flooring;
Installation of plumbing equipment;
Garbage removal from the object and cleaning the room.
Next, we will talk in more detail for each of the above points.
Installation of new partitions by masonry plans
After the completion of all preliminary redevelopment works (demolition, cleaning of construction waste), it is necessary to proceed with the formation of a new geometry of the premises by installing new enclosing structures according to the masonry plans of the design project. To do this, with a chalk on the floor slabs (in apartments without finishing) or on a screed (in apartments with improved draft) there is a geometry of future premises, according to which masonry will be carried out.
The masonry of the partitions begins with the laying of the first row of bricks or blocks on the abundant layer of the pantry solution. This is due to level in this way possible drops on slabs or screed. The layer of the masonry solution is determined by the place, depending on the possible irregularities of the base.
If the masonry is made of brick, blocking expanded clay concrete blocks, then a layer of the solution between the rows is about one centimeter. If masonry is made of silicate or foam concrete blocks, then a special masonry glue can be used for their installation, the thickness of the layer of which is about 2-3 mm. In brick and expanded clay concrete partitions, every four rows of masonry are enhanced by a constructive grid of reinforcement with a diameter of three millimeters, a cell of 5*5cm. When the partitions are joined with the load -bearing walls, it is necessary to suppress the partition with a flexible connection in order to fix its position and prevent deformative shifts. To do this, a flexible profile is attached to the masonry grids, which is also fixed through the dowel-gvo to the carrier wall. Thus, the flexible profile ensures the stability of the partition, and at the same time, due to the owls of suppleness, does not convey efforts from the shrinkage of the load -bearing walls to the design of the partition, which retains the integrity of the wall itself and does not lead to cracks in the plaster.
The device of the base screed
When renting an apartment without any decoration (there is no wall plaster and floor screed), the question arises of organizing work on its device. Basic, or black, floor screed is poured from a cement-sand mortar or a special finished mixture of well-known manufacturers, about five centimeters thick. This thickness is quite justified – if you do it less, then it will burst without reinforcing the screed, and it makes no sense to do it anymore, t. To. Such a thickness is sufficient for leveling possible floor changes.
The basic screed is performed according to lighthouses that are arranged relative to any horizontal plane on the laser level. For this, the basic mark is indicated, which serves as a further landmark, relative to it, guide profiles from the metal are exhibited, after which the screed is filled with a solution or a mixture followed by caring for the floor. After pouring the screed, it is necessary to carefully hang out the mixture to exclude possible voids in the design of the black floor and destruction in places of voids.
Caring for a filled screed is performed by constant wetting and closing the film to prevent rapid evaporation of moisture from the concrete mixture and its subsequent cracking.
Laying of engineering communications (water supply, sewage, electrician, air conditioning)
When the redevelopment of the room is completed, the time has come to bring communications on the new geometry of the premises. For new rooms, you need at least laying power supply networks (new outlets, switches, conclusions for ceiling lamps); For bathrooms, water supply, sewage, ventilation and electricians for household appliances are required; For kitchens, the installation of ventilation under the hood, supplying water and sewage and wiring electricians to numerous sockets for kitchen equipment is relevant.
The water supply system is made of plastic heat -resistant pipes with a diameter of about 25 mm, which can be mounted both along the partners of the bathroom and can be placed directly into the wall, if it allows its thickness. Water connection points can be:
Toilet (installation system);
Pussar, bidet;
Bathroom and sink;
Water heater;
Washing machine;
Heated towel rail (from a riser of hot water).
The sewage system is used to drain the used water in the common -house sewage riser. The sewage laying, as well as water supply pipes, can be performed both by the external way and the laying in the wall. To drain water from shells, baths, washing machine, a fairly heat -resistant plastic pipe with a diameter of about 50 mm, to drain water from the toilet, a pipe with a diameter of about 100mm is required. Not all partitions allow you to hide the pipe of such a diameter in their thickness, so at this moment you need to pay special attention so that it does not work out a through hole. When turning the sewage pipes, it is recommended not to use the angles of rotation of pipes at an angle of 90 degrees, t. To. Such angles are easier to clog, and it is better to use two corners of 45 degrees – so the water is removed at a smaller angle of rotation.
The ventilation system is used in bathrooms and in the kitchen. In the bathrooms, it is necessary to remove unpleasant odors and high humidity, in the kitchens it is used to connect ventilation equipment (hoods). Ventilation is performed in the form of gasket with channels of round or rectangular cross section with a mount to the ceiling. The material can serve as a plastic or metal channel.
The power supply system is one of the most important in the whole house. Increased fire requirements are presented to it, as well as the appropriate qualifications of workers performing its installation. Laying electricians implies not only the banal wiring of the system of sockets and switches, but also the connection to such energy -intensive engineering equipment as a water heater, air conditioning, hob and oven, which are displayed on separate machines in the electric meter. The cable section is selected depending on the consumption of the power of electrical appliances, the most common sections of the cable for the power supply system in the apartment are 3*1, 5 mm and VVGNN 3*2, 5mm, GOST or TU.
Installation of drywall structures
Drywall structures are performed using the technology developed by the manufacturer. First, a frame of metal profiles is assembled, which come in several types – guides, ceiling and rack. The step of the rack profiles is taken 600mm – this is due to the fact that if necessary, between the profiles, noise insulation from mineral wool plates is arranged, which have a similar width of 600mm.
After installing the frame, drywall sheets are screwed to it. If the interior partition is mounted, then the thickness of the sheets of drywall will be 12, 5mm, when installing ceiling structures, the thickness of the sheet is taken 8-10mm, so as not to weight the structure.
Steel profiles are attached to each other with a tip with a tip either an “awl” or a “drill”. The length of the screws is taken approximately 25-30mm. Drywall sheets are attached to the frame for metal self -tapping screws.
If you need to hang something heavy on the partition, for example, a TV, a cabinet, then you must either put an additional profile at the place of fastening of the element, or lay a plywood sheet under the drywall, which will easily take on the entire load.
Alignment and plaster walls
Alignment of the walls with plaster can be performed in two main methods:
Plaster under the rule;
Plaster “on lighthouses”.
The plaster under the rule involves the application of a plentiful amount of the plaster mixture of a more liquid consistency on the wall, which is evenly distributed by the workers using the rule for all area of the wall. This method of alignment is suitable for wallpaper decoration.
The plaster of the wall “by lighthouses” begins with the installation of landmarks, beacons, from metal profiles along the entire area of the wall along the laser level. Further, the space between the beacons is required by the plastering mixture and leveled. Lighthouse step is taken about 600-700mm, the width of the master’s hand. It is not recommended to use lighthouses from a plaster mixture, t. To. at
equal to the applied plaster, such lighthouses are sipped and the wall is uneven. This method of leveling walls is ideal for wall decoration for painting or decorative plaster.
The putty of the walls
The putty of the walls is performed by applying a putty layer of 2-3mm on the plaster layer of the wall. After drying the putty, the putty is skinned, as a result of which a flat surface is obtained.
When preparing the walls for painting or under the application of decorative plaster, the putty layer is additionally enhanced with a glass chip – a special membrane, which is glued to the base layer of putty.
The tools necessary for putting walls – a spatula, sandpaper for aligning the surface of the wall of various granularity.
Laying floor and wall tiles
Laying of floor and wall tiles is performed on a pre -aligned base – walls or floor. To align the walls in rooms with a humid operating mode, a cement plaster is used, which, unlike gypsum, is not afraid of moisture. As a floor, the same glue for tiles can be used in a thicker layer.
A layer of glue for tiles is an average of 1cm, to regulate the distance between the plates, panting crosses of various widths are used-from 1-2 mm or more. For grouting of the joints, a special moisture -resistant grout is used, which is rubbed into the seams between the tiles with a special rubber spatula.
The finish leveling of the floor
The finish leveling of the floor is mainly performed with the help of suicide mixtures, which themselves form the level of horizontal filling due to their properties.
Also, a dry screed can be performed as the leveling of the floor – this is an even layer of sand or fine -grained expanded clay gravel with laying over it by GVL sheets. Sheets are attached to each other with glorification of seams with PVA glue.
Another option for aligning the floor can serve as a super-floor-this is the laying of the same sheets of GVL by the insulation layer, which serves as good sound insulation and extinguishes any shock loads on the floor.
Ceiling options
When it comes to the repair of the ceiling in the repair, there are several main options for which you should pay attention to:
Ceiling plaster for painting. Of the pluses – environmental friendliness. Of the obvious minuses – in the presence of joints of the floor slabs, it is impossible to protect them from cracks in places of conjugation of plates, t. To. Under the multi -ton load, no type of strengthening of the plaster layer withstands – neither fiberglass, nor fiberglass, nor KNAUF KURT tape.
Stretch ceiling. This is the most common ceiling option today, due to its cheapness, lack of cracks, aesthetic appearance. Of the obvious advantages – a flat surface, the possibility of water retention when flooded by neighbors, simplicity and budgetary installation.
Plasterboard ceilings. Of the obvious advantages – the ability to conduct communications under the ceiling, increased fire safety. Of the minuses – a large number of joints of sheets that need to be found qualitatively.
Combined option – a set of stretch ceiling and drywall elements. Of the pluses – a pleasant appearance, the possibility of creating figured forms. Of the minuses is one of the most expensive ceiling decoration options.
Finishing wall decoration
The finishing of the walls means the finish after the completion of all work to equalize the wall with finishing coatings – wallpaper, painting, decorative plaster. For each type of coating should have its own quality of preparation of the base surface:
To glue the walls, it will be enough to level the wall under the rule, then putting and stick the wallpaper themselves;
When preparing the wall for painting, you must first level the wall on the beacons with a glass wipe, then put it several times with a glass chick, and then gnaw. Permissible bumps-1-2mm for every 2m wall length;
Preparation of the wall for decorative plaster is similar to the preparation of the wall for painting with the only difference that the surface should be perfectly flat.
The finishing of the floor
The finishing of the floor is one of the final stages of apartment renovation. The laying of the flooring suggests that no dirty work on the walls and ceiling will be carried out, and there will also not be mechanical damage to the floor covering during the transportation of equipment (step -ladders, a wooden “goat” for work at a height, etc. D.).
The finishing floor can be made by a large number of types of flooring:
Laminate (one of the most common types of flooring);
Linoleum (one of the most budget species and easy to lay);
PVC plate (or quartz-vinyl);
Porcelain tile (one of the most expensive options);
Parquet board.
For each of these types of coatings, high -quality alignment of the basic floor screed is necessary, therefore, before laying the finish coating, carefully control how the floor is flooded evenly (in the case of self -leveling mixtures). In the case of a dry screed, or super-field, it is necessary to control the horizontal surface of the sheets of GVL sheets. After you are convinced of the even surface of the base, you can safely start laying the flooring.
The laminate is laid on the substrate, the thickness of which depends on the evenness of the base floor. To fix the laminate strips in it there are special locks that snap and
fix the bar with a light press. Laid the laminate with stripes, most often along the length of the side of the room or in the direction of natural light. The gap from the edge of the laminate to the wall should be about 8 mm, so that it can close the floor plate. One of the advantages of the laminate – it forms a single disk of the finish coating without rocks, which looks very beautiful.
Linoleum is very easy to lay – it is sold by rolls of different widths, the most common of which is 2, 4m, 3m, 4m. The laminate is rolled down on the floor, cut in the right places with a clerical knife. Linoleum fixation to the floor is performed by special glue, which is applied evenly over the entire area of the roll.
PVC stamp (quartz-vinyl) can be of two types-in the form of separate dies without a lock connection and with locking connecting. Tiles without locks are glued to the floor directly on the screed on a special glue for quartz vinyl. Dies with a castle connection are laid on the floor according to the type of laminate.
Installation of plumbing equipment
Installation of plumbing equipment is a finish stage in the repair of the bathroom and bathroom. It includes the following works:
Installation of a bath;
Installation of the toilet (installation);
Sink installation;
Installation of mixers;
Installation of a heated towel rail and water heater;
Connecting a washing machine.
The cost of installing each element ranges from 1,500 rubles/pcs. The faucets are cheaper, in the region of 500-800 rubles/pcs. Installation of plumbing equipment is carried out on pre -summed communications – water supply, power supply and sewage systems.
The bath is performed directly on the floor. If the bath is cast -iron, it has legs for installation of the capacity itself. In the case of an acrylic bathroom, a special N-shaped stand is sold in the kit, or a stand of a more complex geometry for corner baths, on which a capacity is placed and mounted by self-tapping screws directly to the bathroom in the allocated places.
Installation of the toilet is carried out by fastening its structure to the floor on an anchor with plugs. Further, through the corrugation, the toilet is connected to the common house sewage system, and through a flexible hose to the tank, water is supplied. In the case of installation of the installation, the supporting frame is first mounted, which is attached to the floor and wall, after which it is sewn with drywall for the subsequent cladding of tiles and then the toilet bowl is hung on it, which is attached to the bolts to the supporting frame. The weight that the installation can withstand is about 100-130 kg, depending on the manufacturer.
Installation of the sink and mixers are also carried out to pre -prepared places with the conclusions of engineering communications. In addition to water supply and sewage to sinks, sockets are often brought up to connect a hair dryer, curling iron or other devices.
Garbage removal from the object
Garbage removal and cleaning of the premises – the final part of the repair of the apartment. For layouts of unnecessary waste, construction bags that cost in the region of 10 rubles/pcs are ideal. They withstand weight about 30-35 kg and can be used many times until they are torn.
For high -quality cleaning of the premises, you can invite a cleaning company, which will bring perfect order in the apartment for reasonable money. You just have to bring furniture and enjoy life in a new renovated apartment.
The cost of work and prices for apartment renovation in Tyumen
The cost of work and prices for apartment renovation in Tyumen, first of all, depend on the complexity of the object and types of work. It is logical that the quality of preparation of the wall for gluing wallpaper and for applying decorative plaster is significantly different, and, accordingly, its cost differs. Therefore, the prices of prices are quite significant – from 2000 rubles/sq. m. For cosmetic repair up to 5000 rubles/sq. m. and more when repairing a design project.
In any case, our recommendation is this – always demand a contractor to paint in detail all types of work. Firstly, this will give you an exact understanding for which you give your money, and what is the cost of certain types of construction services, suddenly you decide to do some work yourself. In addition, comparing several performers, you can analyze their prices and invite different contractors to different types of work, saving money in this way. Secondly, you can protect yourself from imposing “unaccounted out” work and costs on his part from the contractor, which often occurs in practice.
Try to think over everything in advance and draw up a certain action plan. Light repairs to you!